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Playbook

Build your first internal AI tool at your accounting firm

For owners with one painful process and no developer. You finish with a scoped problem, a tool built for you first, tested on real files, and a decision on scaling.

At a glance

  • 6 steps
  • 4 min to read
  • 2 to 4 weeks to put in place
  • 1 template included

What you’ll walk away with

  • A one-paragraph problem statement with the outcome, data and constraints
  • A scoping canvas answering all five DRAFT questions, with a size
  • A data model, boundaries and first prompt written before the build
  • A working version running for you on test data
  • Results that match the source on real files, and a decision: keep, scale or stop

Learning check · before you start

What do you already have in place?

A few quick questions, so you can skip the steps you have already done. Each one has a line explaining what it means. Not sure, or never heard of it? Choose “Not yet / not sure”: that is where most firms start, and the playbook walks you through it.

  1. Do you have a one-paragraph problem statement that names the outcome, the data and the constraints?

    An outcome is the result you want, not a task word. "Onboarding" is a task; "a returning client never re-enters information we already hold" is an outcome. Constraints are the limits the tool must respect, such as your privacy obligations for client data.

  2. Have you worked out how big the build is, using the five DRAFT questions?

    DRAFT asks who the tool is for, the Records it touches, its Autonomy (drafting help or acting alone), its Fit with your other systems, and who it Transfers to once built. A tool for you alone on public data is an evening; one for the team on client data is a real project.

  3. Before asking AI to build anything, have you written down what data the tool will hold and who may see what?

    The data model is a list of what you capture, what you ask the client for and what your team needs to see. Boundaries are rules your first prompt carries, such as a separate staff view and client view, so client data never shows to the wrong person.

  4. Do you already have a working version running for you on demo or made-up data?

    Demo data is a sample company or made-up clients that belong to nobody, so a mistake exposes nothing. The first version is the smallest one that works, for you alone, before anyone else uses it.

  1. Step 1: Pick one problem and write the outcome

    Done when: A one-paragraph problem statement names the outcome, the data and the constraints.

    Your task pick one slow or painful process and write one paragraph naming the outcome you want, the data it uses and any limits it must work within.

    How to do it, and what to read

    Pick one painful process and write the outcome you want, not a task word. “Onboarding” is a task. “A returning client never re-enters information we already hold” is an outcome, with a data source and a constraint inside it. Ask your AI assistant to keep questioning you about the statement until it is clear. A good first problem is one where AI makes a judgement your team now makes by hand, such as checking an uploaded document is the one you asked for. Check your privacy obligations before client data is involved.

    Learning check

    What would you do? Pick one; every answer is explained.

    You want to build a simple AI tool for your firm, and you write "Onboarding" at the top of the page as the problem to solve. What do you do next?
    You are choosing the first process at your firm to build a small AI tool for. Which makes the best first project?
    Your idea for an AI tool involves clients uploading their own documents. When should you check your privacy obligations?
  1. Step 2: Scope it with DRAFT

    Done when: The canvas answers all five DRAFT questions and gives the build a size.

    Your task answer the five scoping questions on the canvas (who the tool is for, the records it touches, how much it acts alone, how it fits your other systems and who it is handed to) and decide how big the build is.

    How to do it, and what to read

    Run the idea through DRAFT, the framework Nick Ferguson set out at the June 2026 summit: who it is for, the Records it touches, its Autonomy (a drafting assistant or an agent acting alone), its Fit with your other systems, and who it Transfers to once built. Each answer moves the build up or down. A tool for you alone, on public data, standing on its own, is an evening. The same tool for the whole team on client data is a real project. Write each answer on the scoping canvas.

    Learning check

    What would you do? Pick one; every answer is explained.

    You are sizing up an AI tool before building it. It is for you alone, uses only public information and does not connect to any other system. Roughly how big is the build?
    A small AI tool you built works well for you on public information. You now plan to give it to the whole team and use it on client data. What happens to the size of the job?
    You are scoping an AI tool for your firm. One option is for it to send messages to clients without anyone clicking send. Which part of the scope does that change most?
  2. Step 3: Design the data and the boundaries before you prompt

    Done when: A data model, the boundaries and a first prompt are written before the build starts.

    Your task before building anything, write down what data the tool captures and shows, the limits it must respect, and a first prompt.

    How to do it, and what to read

    Write down the data model: what you capture, what you ask the client for, and what your team needs to see. You already know it, even if you have never called it that. Then set the boundaries your first prompt will carry, such as a separate staff view and client view, so client data never shows to the wrong person. Give the AI your existing workpaper or spreadsheet as the source of truth for any calculation, rather than letting it invent the logic. Draft the prompts with an assistant before you build.

    Learning check

    What would you do? Pick one; every answer is explained.

    The AI tool you are building needs a calculation that your existing spreadsheet already does correctly. How do you get the AI to do it?
    Both your staff and your clients will use an AI tool you are building. What do you settle before writing the first prompt?
  3. Step 4: Build a version for yourself first

    Done when: A working version runs for you on test data.

    Your task build the smallest version that works, used only by you, on a demo company or made-up clients.

    How to do it, and what to read

    Build the smallest version that works, for you alone, on data that belongs to nobody: a demo company or made-up clients. Start with one prompt, then change one thing at a time, and when it errors, paste the exact error back in. Make it work before you make it look good. Put related pieces, like a set of emails, in one prompt so they stay consistent. If AI makes a judgement inside the tool, give the user an override, so a wrong call never blocks them.

    Learning check

    What would you do? Pick one; every answer is explained.

    You are building a small AI tool by describing it in plain English to an AI app builder. Your first version shows an error message. What do you do?
    The first version of your AI tool works on made-up data, but it looks plain. What do you do next?
    Your AI tool flags uploaded client documents that look wrong. A staff member knows one flag is a mistake. What should they be able to do?
  4. Step 5: Test it like an auditor

    Done when: The tool’s results match the source on real files, and it has a sign-in.

    Your task check every figure against the source system for a few real files, and add a sign-in before anyone else uses the tool.

    How to do it, and what to read

    Tools built this way rarely fail loudly; they fail plausibly. Check every figure against the source system for a few real files, ask the AI to explain each calculation in plain English, and make sure the tool catches the file you know is a mess. If a number cannot be verified, take it off the screen. Before anyone else uses it, add a sign-in, check what the connection can actually change in the systems it reaches, and run any security scan your build tool offers.

    Learning check

    What would you do? Pick one; every answer is explained.

    Your new AI tool shows figures for a few real client files, and they look sensible. How do you check them?
    You are testing your AI tool on real client files. One figure on screen cannot be checked against any source. What do you do?
    A colleague wants to start using the AI tool you built next week. What do you do first?
  5. Step 6: Decide: keep it, scale it or stop

    Done when: The tool has a colour, an owner and a written decision.

    Your task rate the tool green, amber or red for risk, name the person who owns it, and write down whether you will keep it, scale it or stop.

    How to do it, and what to read

    Sort the tool green, amber or red. Green: personal tools and anything on demo data, keep going. Amber: shared with the team or a few real client files, so add a sign-in, test it and name an owner. Red: client-facing, sensitive data, or something the practice will depend on, so get a proper review before anyone relies on it, on an AI plan with business data terms. Build internal, buy external: if an existing app already does the job, put your hours against its cost.

    Learning check

    What would you do? Pick one; every answer is explained.

    Firms often rate home-built AI tools green (personal use on demo data), amber (shared with the team or used on some real client files) or red (client-facing, sensitive data, or something the firm relies on). Your team now uses your tool on a few real client files. Which rating fits?
    Your firm rates home-built AI tools green, amber or red for risk, with red for anything client-facing. You now want clients to log in to your tool and upload their documents. What do you do?
    You have spent a few weekends building an AI tool, then find an existing app that already does the same job. What do you do?

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Your one-page summary

Your answers, choices and decisions, on one page

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AI tool scoping canvas

The problem statement, the five DRAFT questions and the build size on one page, from Nick Ferguson’s June 2026 summit framework. Editable .docx.

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Frequently asked questions

Do I need to know how to code to build an internal AI tool?

No. The builds this playbook draws on were made with plain-English prompts in tools such as Lovable and Claude. The hard part is the thinking before you prompt: the outcome, the data and the boundaries.

What is the DRAFT framework?

A five-question scoping check from Nick Ferguson’s June 2026 summit session: who the tool is for, the Records it touches, its Autonomy, its Fit with your other systems, and who it Transfers to. The answers show whether you are building an evening project or a real one.

When should I get help with a tool I have built?

When it becomes client-facing, touches sensitive data or many client files, or the practice will depend on it. At that point it needs a proper sign-in, security, a named owner and a review before anyone relies on it.

More for: Use AI safely